Environmental performance of organic 바카라 유튜브: Evidence from Korean small-holder soybean production

Student Press of College of Agriculture and Life Sciences

Jisoo Lim (Department of Plant Science)

Is environmentally friendly agriculture really all that environmentally friendly? Professor Choe’s research team at Seoul National University (SNU) answered this paradoxical question with their unprecedented research results suggesting that organic 바카라 유튜브, which is a type of environmentally friendly agriculture, may be more harmful than conventional 바카라 유튜브 practices.

What is organic 바카라 유튜브?

Organic 바카라 유튜브 is a method of producing agricultural products without the use of chemical materials such as agricultural pesticides, chemical fertilizer, and feed additives to conserve the environment and supply safer agricultural products to customers. The need for organic products has consistently increased as the public’s interest in well-being and environmental conservation has grown. The organic food market has increased fivefold in the last two decades, reaching 897 billion dollars in 2016, and is still consistently growing.

Research motivation

Since the 2000’s, at which time interest in environmental conservation heightened, a number of research results have been published comparing organic farming and conventional farming. These studies appear to provide objective evidence supporting the benefits of organic farming. However, according to a study by Professor Choe’s research team (“Measuring the environmental effects of organic farming: A meta-analysis of structural variables in empirical research”), which compares approximately 200 studies comparing organic and conventional farming practices through a meta-analysis, these studies report conflicting results regarding environmental trends relating to organic farming depending on the crop type, farm size, and farming conditions. In their previous study, Professor Choe’s research team found that farm size affects the results of comparative analyses between organic farming and conventional farming. However, few of the studies were conducted in Asia, where the majority of small farms are located. As a result, the research team published another study called “Environmental performance of organic 바카라 유튜브: Evidence from Korean small-holder soybean production” in which they analyzed organic farms in South Korea.

Study subjects

Professor Choe’s research team recruited 76 organic and conventional farms. Of these, they selected 60 farms (30 organic and 30 conventional) that had verifiable records of fertilizer and energy usage. Farms were located in each of the following regions: North Gyeonggi Province, South Gyeonggi Province, Chungcheong Province, and Gangwon Province. These provinces were selected in accordance with research criteria requiring the selected farms to be close to one another, use similar 바카라 유튜브 techniques, and farm during the same period of time for proper comparison. As for the organic farms, only those that received organic 바카라 유튜브 approval from the government were included. All selected farms grew soybeans, which are commonly grown worldwide.

Results

This study conducted a multi-level regression analysis and a non-parametric comparison test to analyze the differences in energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions between conventional 바카라 유튜브 and organic 바카라 유튜브 practices.

Greenhouse gas emissions during the 바카라 유튜브 process

Energy usage analysis

Over 85% of the total energy used in soybean 바카라 유튜브 was used for manure, fertilizer (per ton), fuel, and mulch film (per hectare). Organic 바카라 유튜브 used a significantly higher amount of energy, 22,421 MJ/ton, than conventional 바카라 유튜브, which used 13,416 MJ/ton. These results, which differ from those of previous studies, show that organic 바카라 유튜브 uses more energy than conventional 바카라 유튜브. The lower soybean yields and higher use of fuel and mulch films in organic 바카라 유튜브 compared with conventional 바카라 유튜브 was found to be the cause of the low energy efficiency of organic 바카라 유튜브.

Greenhouse effect analysis

There was no significant difference in the amount of greenhouse gas emissions between organic and conventional 바카라 유튜브.

Organic 바카라 유튜브 emits more greenhouse gases per ton of yield than conventional 바카라 유튜브, but the differences are not significant statistically. Organic 바카라 유튜브 produces less greenhouse gas from biological and chemical pesticides compared to conventional 바카라 유튜브, but it produces a large amount of greenhouse gas from mulch films.

Organic 바카라 유튜브 had lower energy efficiency than conventional 바카라 유튜브 due to excessive use of mulch films.

To summarize, although many existing studies claim that organic 바카라 유튜브 shows a better environmental performance than conventional 바카라 유튜브, these results do not necessarily apply to Asia since research on 바카라 유튜브 in this region, where farms tend to be small and labor-intensive, is lacking. In this study, Professor Choe’s research team compared energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions between organic and conventional farms and found that conventional 바카라 유튜브 has better energy efficiency than organic 바카라 유튜브. This may be attributed to the excessive use of fuels and mulch films on organic farms and the typical size of farms in Korea compared to farms in other heavily studied regions.

Research significance

This study by Professor Choe’s research team considered current 바카라 유튜브 situations in Korea to provide objective results to support existing research results and the insufficiently researched belief that organic 바카라 유튜브 must be more environmentally friendly than conventional 바카라 유튜브. Professor Choe hopes that his study will contribute to policy changes that will help resolve issues related to organic 바카라 유튜브 and provide new information for policy makers and those in related industries. Professor Choe’s meaningful study lays the cornerstone for future studies on topics such as the environmental impact and effects on the human body of organic 바카라 유튜브, and measures to remedy associated problems.

Future research directions

Professor Choe’s research team is planning to continue their research on how to manage the effects of organic 바카라 유튜브 on the environment. Further research is required on crops other than soybean. In addition, more data is required to compare the sustainability of organic 바카라 유튜브 with that of conventional 바카라 유튜브. Professor Choe hopes to cooperate with medical professionals, dietetics, and experts from the 바카라 유튜브 industry to conduct research on the safety, health issues, and sustainability of organic 바카라 유튜브 in the future.

《Professor Young Chan Choe》